Best bike locks: heavy duty and portable locks for keeping your bike safe
Tested and rated all the best bike locks for securing your bike anywhere
A high-quality bike lock serves as a strong deterrent against thieves and is vital whether you intend to commute by bike, store it out of sight, or secure it at home.
At Cycling Weekly, we have tested hundreds of bike locks over the years. These range from high-security angle grinder-proof bike locks and chain locks for securing bikes at home and train stations to portable, lightweight options for bikepacking and peace of mind during café stops.
We rigorously assess the usability, functionality, and features of every lock we test, only resorting to power tools for those that claim angle grinder resistance. In the UK and North America, Sold Secure handles the rest, while ART does so in Europe. These organizations independently test bicycle locks and categorize them using a straightforward rating system based on their performance. Our reviews include the security ratings, and for further information about the Sold Secure rating system, please scroll to the bottom of this page.
As I mentioned, there are various styles of bike locks, from high-security options like our top choice, the OnGuard RockSolid, which is angle grinder-proof, to more versatile selections such as our best folding lock, the Abus Bordo Granit X Plus, and the best lightweight lock, the Hiplok Z Lok Combo. This means careful consideration is required when purchasing a lock based on where and when you might need to use it.
A reliable bike lock isn't the only way to keep your bike secure. Consider adding a bike tracker, which will significantly increase your chances of recovering it if it is stolen.
Best Overall
Best bike lock overall
You won’t believe how light the RockSolid 8590 is—just 1.3kg/2.8 lbs—yet it’s incredibly secure! With a Sold Secure diamond rating, it outperforms angle grinder discs.
Sold Secure Diamond rated, Kryptonite's chain lock offers more flexibility in locking your bike. However, at nearly 7 kg, it's not the most practical for carrying around.
The Hiplok Z Lok is one of the lightest and most portable on the market. Providing enough security for quick stops when you have visibility of your bike.
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Good for: Maximum security. Unless the thief has a lot of time and many grinder discs, you can rest assured that your bike is safe. Most locks available are of the U-lock design and are known for their portability and lightweight construction.
Consider: The enhanced security makes losing your key more problematic, as removing them through other means would be quite challenging.
Cycling Weekly has meticulously tested every angle grinder lock mentioned. Whenever a manufacturer asserts a feature, we confirm its legitimacy through testing using our own angle grinder. We’ve created a brief test that closely simulates a realistic situation where an opportunistic thief attempts to break your bike lock.
Despite being only 1.3kg/2.8lbs, it is one of the most secure locks available right now
Our expert review:
Unsurprisingly, the OnGuard RockSolid 8590 is our top recommendation and best overall bike lock. It is light, portable, and incredibly robust. As the offspring of security giant Magnum Locks, OnGuard has applied a wealth of expertise and manufacturing know-how to create this small yet mighty Sold Secure Diamond-rated bike lock.
Made of hardened steel and coated with OnGuard’s patented RockSolid finish, the 8590 lock weighs nearly a 1kg/ 2.2 lbs less than its nearest competitor at 1.3kg/2.8 lbs. However, there is a compromise. It has the shortest shackle reach at 17.5cm/6.8 inches, which, with its 9cm/3.5 inches internal width, results in 157cm²/ 61.8in² of locking space volume.
Promising anti-pick, pull, and drill, the key-operated lock mechanism even has a weather shield cover, which should help prevent water ingress and any corresponding loch mechanism degradation or freezing in sub-zero weather conditions.
The OnGuard stands out in the field because of its capability to fend off grinder assaults. On test, we went through no fewer than three grinder discs in five minutes, the most of any lock we've tested. Even then, the grinder barely scratched the surface. This impenetrability is probably why the OnGuard RockSolid 8590 also comes with the most spare keys (five in total) because, trust me, this is not a lock you’ll release easily without a key.
The X3 offers a great balance of security, weight, reach and cost
Our expert review:
The LiteLok X3 is ideal for anyone looking for the same great Sold Secure Diamond-rated lock security as the OnGuard RockSolid 8590 but with a slightly longer shackle.
The British-designed and manufactured lock uses an exclusive material called Barronium. This super-hard ceramic composite makes the shackle virtually indestructible. During our five-minute angle grinder test, we only managed to cut halfway through the lock, an endeavour that ate through two metal-graded grinder discs.
The LiteLok measures 19.5cm/7.6 inches tall by 10 cm/4 inches wide, the equivalent of 195 cm²/ 76.7in² of total local volume, around 20 per cent more space than the OnGuard.
This extra size adds a little to the LiteLok’s weight when directly compared to the OnGuard, but at just 2.2kg/ 4.8lbs, it's the equivalent difference of an extra water bottle, so it's hardly excessive.
I really liked the LiteLok X3’s silicon outer, which helped prevent my frame from being scratched. The nifty neoprene pouch was also a great storage addition for the lock. However, I wasn’t so keen to find that the bespoke bike frame lock mount would be an additional £20 outlay, especially after discovering that it wouldn’t fit most small frames, which is another point to consider when deciding to purchase.
The Litelok X1 offers a diamond security rating and superb angle grinder resistance
Our expert review:
The Litelok X1 has inadvertently become among the cheapest available as a growing number of angle grinder-proof locks enter the market. The lock is diamond-rated, meaning you'll be covered under most insurance schemes. It requires multiple angle grinder discs to penetrate and weighs a reasonable 1.7kg, making it easy to carry around.
As I mentioned, there is a new wave of even more secure angle grinder-proof locks, such as Litelok's X3 and the OnGuard RockSoild. That shouldnt take away from the X1's overall performance, it is still a very secure diamond rated lock that offers pretty formidable angle grinder restistants. Our reviewer really enjoyed using the Litelok X1, especially because of its handy locking circumference. It made locking up the bike in all the various spots they needed a breeze!
For complete peace of mind—when your priority is your bike over the insurance provider’s obligations—the X1 still stands out as a superb choice.
Good for: High levels of security and easy to transport in a bag or pannier. The most simple to use, U-locks are also the best way to protect your paintwork.
Consider: U-Locks tend to have a shorter reach, so consider where you are locking your bike and if this style would be suitable.
U-locks are considered the most secure way to lock your bike. Their solid looped design offers very few weak points, and the simple manufacturing process allows for the use of extremely durable materials. Most offer decent protection for your frame from the elements with soft plastic or silicone coverings. Mounting U-locks on your bike can take up frame space, so I recommend slipping them into a commuter backpack or Pannier bag.
Our expert review:
Gram-for-gram, the Pitbull mini packs quite a punch. Despite only weighing 1.3kg it delivers a Diamond Sold Secure rating. It achieves this by measuring just 9cm x 14cm while still featuring a 14mm hardened steel shackle and a pick, pull and drill-resistant ‘bump lock’ cylinder. Its weight and dimensions makes it easily portable, either using the supplied mounting bracket or stuffed into a bag;
I found it rattled less than a larger U-lock when mounted to the frame although it didn’t feel quite as solid as either of the folding locks. Naturally it’s size means the internal locking space is small, and will limit how and what you can lock your bike too - so perhaps not ideal for those who require some flexibility.
However if you're locking your bike up to the same point each time, and know this compact lock fits, then it’s a great way of reducing your carrying weight without having to sacrifice the security rating.
Our expert review:
The Granit Xplus 540’s 23cm shackle height and 10.8cm inner width means you have plenty of room to manoeuvre. While it doesn’t offer quite as much flexibility as the brand’s Bordo folding lock, it still allows for a variety of locking possibilities.
Its Diamond rating is secured through a combination of 13mm temper hardened steel square parabolic shackle and a double bolting shackle and lock body, with the latter designed to deliver protection against picking. The lock also has the feel of something that’s well-made and features an automatic keyhole cover; having had a couple of locks jam on me in the past, this is a worthwhile detail.
It comes with a flexible mounting point that allows it to be attached to the top, down and seat tube - depending on your frame of course. It’s certainly light enough to carry in this manner, although like all ‘full-size’ U-locks it’s likely better stored in a backpack. Its security rating also makes it another consideration for home use.
The K-Traz U17 offers value for money without compromising security
Our expert review:
A brilliant low-cost option, making Gold Sold Secure even more accessible to everyone. At this price, it wouldn’t even be too much of an outlay to buy one for every bike in your household. Although it might be tempting to use one lock to secure multiple bikes, especially if you have a longer chain link lock, that only serves to tempt thieves. Far safer to have locks for each one.
At just under 1.3kg, the K-Traz U17 is surprisingly lightweight—especially considering its price and security rating. A complete plastic coating minimizes the risk of paintwork coming into contact with metal.
The two downsides are the straight shackle, which makes it more difficult to mount the crossbar than a bent design and the plasticky bike mount. We found this a little fiddly to set up, as it uses two long screws to clamp the bracket to the frame, and the release mechanism for extracting the lock feels a little flimsy which makes it a bit of a struggle to dismount the lock.
For the money, we think the K-Traz U17 is a brilliant lock, but if you’re after quality all-round performance, you will need to set your price bracket a little higher.
The Messenger Mini+ is a small but well formed bike lock
Our expert review:
Usually, the consequence of a lightweight and compact U-lock is a bit of a sacrifice in its usability, being too small to loop around objects and actually reach your bike.
But we found that simply isn’t the case with this lock. By the addition of a secondary shackle, the weight and size are kept low, but the total lockable area remains very respectable. Securing a wheel to the frame—in addition to reaching an immovable object—simply doesn’t present a struggle.
The main shackle even has a bent foot, which we found made it quite easy to mount the crossbar—exactly what you’d want in a lock designed around portability.
Regarding that portability, though, we felt that there was a significant omission. The lock doesn’t come provided with a bike mount and the mount available that is compatible with this lock is quite a cumbersome-looking handlebar mounting option. For a lock that’s supposed to be used on the go, needing to bring some kind of bag to stow it in is quite an inconvenience.
It is also a little on the expensive side for its combination of security rating, weight, lockable area and portability. That said, if you do always have somewhere to keep the lock on your trips about town, you won’t be disappointed in its application.
Good for: Chain locks can offer high levels of security, with many offering good reach and excellent flexibility.
Consider: Not all chain locks are strong, so check the Sold Secure rating. Chains are almost always the heaviest options and as a result, can be difficult to carry around.
Assuming a high Sold Secure rating, chain locks are one of the safest ways to secure your bike, links mean multiple tools or cuts are required to break them apart. The obvious advantage is the additional reach and unlimited flexibility, great for places where purpose-built bike storage is not available. Don't be surprised by the weight though, that metal all adds up, expect to carry at least five kilos for a short one.
Kryptonite's chain design offers plenty of flexibility when it comes to locking up your bike
Our expert review:
Visual, the Kryptonite New York Fahgettaboudit chain lock is a serious deterrent to any thief. At 150cm long, made from a series of 14mm six-sided, 3t hardened manganese steel links and weighing just under 7kgs, it's a real brute of a lock. The proved padlock features a 15mm steel shackle, constructed around a disc-style cylinder which should offer effective protection against drilling.
Unsurprisingly its heft makes the chain far too heavy to carry around, as someone who doesn't use panniers; after trying both around my waist and chest the Fahgettaboudit was destined for home use only. Its Diamond rating and length were supreme for locking multiple bikes in the shed, reaching around both with enough room to lock it to an anchor.
Good for: Folding locks are super compact, combining the flexibility of a chain lock without the weight or complication of carrying it.
Consider: Due to how folding locks are manufactured, the joints offer an obvious weakness and don't tend to get the highest Sold Secure ratings.
Folding locks offer a fantastic alternative to chain locks especially if you ride without a bag or pannier. Almost all can be mounted to a bottle cage or with straps to your frame tubes, which means they can always be on your bike with little penalty. Their compact nature makes them brilliant for Bikepacking, locking multiple bikes together or lassoing your bike to a tree. Be careful as this design is inherently flawed with each link offering a weakness to be exploited, only a few folding locks have been awarded a gold Sold Secure rating.
The Bordo 6500 Granit X-Plus lock offers a large lockable area that can secure two bikes if needed
Our expert review:
Folding locks offer several benefits over the venerable U-lock design. They tend to pack down smaller and have a larger lockable area, and their flexible nature greatly increases the range of objects you can lock your bike to.
The typical downside of a folding lock is that it has so many moving parts. They tend to be less secure than a simpler design, such as a U-lock. The hinge areas add a potential point of attack that's not there with U-lock.
As such, the Abus is one of the only Gold-rated folding locks currently available. However, this superlative security comes with a couple of trade-offs. At just under two kilos, the Abus lock is over four times as expensive and weighs just over half as much again as the Gold-rated Zéfal K-Traz U17.
The Bordo Granit X Plus certainly isn’t all things to everyone—but it isn’t trying to be. As a high-security folding lock, it performs excellently. In addition to all the general benefits of folding locks, the Abus has a comprehensive rubber coating to protect your paintwork, a bike mount that is simple to set up and to use day-to-day, as well as an integrated weather seal on the lock barrel—adding some very welcome weather protection.
On review, we found the bike mount not only straightforward to use but also capable of keeping the lock firmly in place, even when we were cycling on uneven and bumpy roads. Once we'd arrived at our destination, the Bordo Granit X Plus' large lockable area made it easy to lock up our bike without any fuss; in fact, we even locked up two town bikes using the one lock.
Seatylock Foldylock compact is a fantastic compact folding lock that really takes the fight to Lock giants Abus
Our expert review:
As the name states, it’s a small folding lock. It comprises six steel bars, joined by stainless rivets, that add up to a circumference of 85cm; I found this internal locking space offers just enough room to secure the lock through the front wheel and frame before attaching it to a bike rack or similar. Due to its smaller size, it was less cumbersome and thus easier to use than the folding Abus - it’s as quick to lock up as U-lock but with a little added flexibility that’s inherent in the design.
When folded away it measures just 18.9 x 6cm, which likely makes it one of the smallest and lightest Silver-rated locks around. Again, like the larger Abus lock, it can be secured to your bike’s bottle cage mounts using a plastic case; similarly, it feels secure and silent when in transit. If a combination of weight and portability is important to you then the Compact should have plenty of appeal.
Good for: Leaving your bike for long periods of time out of sight, the alarm will alert just about anyone if something suspicious is happening.
Consider: The trade-off for this additional deterrent is that, as far as I am aware, no diamond-rated alarm-equipped locks, meaning you will sacrifice overall security.
Alarm-equipped locks can be useful if you need to lock your bike a long way from your intended destination or plan to leave it for a long period like at a train station. The alarm will raise awareness in the immediate vicinity in the hope someone will contact the police.
As the name suggests this Oxford lock features an in-built alarm
Our expert review:
As the name would suggest, this Oxford lock comes with an inbuilt alarm that will sound if the internal motion sensors detect any tampering. It’s very simple to use, with arming and disarming controlled by just a turn of the key in the lock.
The calibration of the motion sensor was pretty spot on, detecting any suspicious fumbling, but not going off when the bike was just knocked a little when locking another up next to it. With the battery easy to access (when the lock is open), you can quite easily disable the alarm completely if you need it to work simply as a lock for any reason.
But this lock is by no means a novelty, it performs the basics really well. The bent shackle makes it easy to attach the crossbar, three keys are provided with more orderable, the bike mount is easy to set and works well in day-to-day use, plus its weight is pretty middle of the road for this style of lock.
The only reservation I have about this lock is that the rubber bumpers on the crossbar don’t extend all the way across, so some care is needed not to scratch your bike on the middle section of exposed metal.
This ABUS lock features an in-built alarm for added security
Our expert review:
The Abus 440 Alarm combines a robust hardened steel shackle with an in-built 100dB electronic alarm that's triggered by motion. It's an effective combination, although, with only a Sold Secure Silver rating, the lock itself isn't as theftproof as the best. You can turn the alarm off for portage.
It operates using CR2 batteries. They're not that easy to source, so you might want to keep a stock in for when those supplied run flat.
There's a bike mount supplied that's easy to use, although finding a position for the lock within your frame might be an issue. The Abus 440 Alarm is heavy too, but in our review, we said that: "This is much more than an 'opportunist anti-theft lock' option. If that is what you are looking for, you really can't go wrong with the Abus 440 Alarm".
Good for: Leaving your bike for short periods, stopping opportunistic thefts and being easily transported. The best lightweight bike locks are great for bikepacking, cafe stops and popping into the post office.
Consider: Using much higher-rated locks if you plan to leave your bike for long periods or out of sight.
While lightweight and wearable locks function slightly differently, they ultimately solve the same problem. Transportation of locks can be frustratingly difficult, especially if they are heavy or offer little flexibility. The trade-off is less security, which for most will be for very short periods or when the bike is in sight.
The Z Lok is our best lightweight and portable lock and is well-suited to coffee stops
Our expert review:
The Z Lok weighs only 70g, so you won’t feel burdened if you stuff it into your pocket or clip it around your frame. Its design resembles an oversized zip tie, and inside the plastic covering is a steel ribbon.
We reckon that if you use the Z Lok to secure your frame to a post or railing, it’s enough to stop a thief from walking away with your bike, although it’s unlikely to stand up long to a bolt cutter and its security level is unrated. Its steel band design is significantly more robust than other lightweight locking options, which tend to use thin cables, though.
At 40cm long, our reviewer found that it’s long enough to secure your frame to something immovable and possibly your rear wheel. Because of its zip tie-like design, you can also shorten the loop to make it harder to get leverage with a cutter. When unlocked, there’s a release lever to undo the ratchet.
In summary, we found that it’s a clever, useful piece of kit to carry around for coffee stops or quick bike errands. It's also cheaper than a full-strength lock.
A brilliant wearable adapter means the Straplok stays secure and comfortable
Our expert review:
The Straplok 35/850 is made in the UK and features high-tensile steel cores with a neoprene cover. Squire secures it using a patented ‘linear pin tumbler’ lock. To unlock, insert the key without turning it and push the button.
The Squire Straplok has plenty of appealing features, beginning with its comfort. Squire invested significant effort in creating the belt adapter, which was designed to maintain tension and secure the lock while pedalling. Additionally, the neoprene cover enhances this comfort, providing a soft touch to the lock.
Thanks to its amazing flexibility, using the Straplok at the bike rack is effortless. The straightforward button lock barrel simplifies unlocking and locking, particularly in awkward or confined spaces.
Nonetheless, there are drawbacks. Although the Straplok has earned a 4.5 out of 5 stars, it is only rated with a Sold Secure silver certification. This rating may limit its uses and affect the overall worth of the bike you choose to secure with it.
The Cycling Weekly testing team tested locks against the varied rigours of urban and utility cycling, using them on rides to the Bath & London offices, the supermarket, pubs, and to run errands around town.
Our testing is primarily focused on the everyday use of a specific lock. Ultimately, our rating will depend on key metrics such as weight, shape, locking mechanism, mounting attachment, tactile feel, security rating, and value – essentially every quality of a lock in real-world scenarios.
The Cycling Weekly tech team seldom subjects a lock to destruction testing unless it asserts that it is angle grinder resistant, and there's a valid reason behind this. There are reputable, independent, and officially recognized testing organizations like Sold Secure. Moreover, as I have pointed out throughout this guide, no bike lock can be considered completely unbreakable.
A great way to safeguard your bike is to get an insurance policy that specifies the required security rating for your bike lock.
For more details on how Cycling Weekly tests products, check out our How We Test page
How do we test angle grinder-proof bike locks?
To cut a bike lock using an angle grinder, you must either make two precise cuts—one on the shackle and one on the lock barrel—or perform one cut on the shackle and then twist the lock off. However, since most modern locks come equipped with anti-twist and tamper-resistant features, I would likely need to execute two clean cuts instead.
I equipped myself with a powerful battery-powered angle grinder, using high-quality metal cutting discs, and set a maximum time limit of five minutes. This time frame allows for any necessary disc changes and simulates the typical duration a thief might spend in a low-foot traffic area, or if they had gained access to a shed or garage.
I began commuting by bike for work well before entering the bicycle industry. From age 13, delivering newspapers and continuing on to my first real job at 16, I relied on biking due to not having a driving license. I now often choose my e-bike instead of the car, even taking my son along. In 20 years, I haven't had a bike stolen, which suggests either I'm very fortunate or I've mastered bike security.
The first point to clarify is that no bike lock is 100% foolproof. The best way to safeguard your bike is through an insurance policy, so if your bike is unfortunate enough to be stolen, you'll at least have it replaced swiftly. Insurers will specify the level of security your bike lock must meet for them to provide compensation.
The level of security you need will depend on the requirements set by individual insurers. Some insurers will always require a lock that meets at least the Gold Sold Secure standard. Others may be content with silver-rated locks for bikes valued under £1,000/$1,000, but you’ll need to verify the wording of your policy first.
The general guideline is to purchase the best lock you can afford. Ideally, one rated Gold or higher. Aim to invest at least 10% of your bike's value in security, which may include a GPS tracker or several locks.
Selecting the right bike lock means balancing the best compromises with your needs. Four main things to consider are where you will leave your bike, for how long, its value, and how you will transport the lock.
Where you leave your bike is important for several reasons. The location can depend on how many eyes and witnesses there are to a theft, determining the security level required. This also extends to the features by which you can secure your bike, such as a bike rack compared to a lamp post or railing, and this specifies the flexibility you need in a bike lock.
For how long is, how long might a thief get to break through your lock? If it could be for extended periods, especially if the bike is out of sight, you will certainly need to select higher security levels.
Your bike's value is likely important not just to you and the cost of replacing it if it is stolen but potentially to an insurer, too. A rough guide in the past has been to spend 10% of the value of your bike on a lock, and if your bike is over £1000/$1250, it should be Sold Secure gold or above. This guidance is potentially a little dated, with the cost of bikes having risen significantly in recent years. However, it's a good starting point, and with diamond-rated locks now available from around £50/$65, there should be a high-security option for most bikes.
Transportation of your bike lock can be one of the most difficult points to overcome. If you always travel with a backpack or pannier, purchasing the highest security lock you can carry is fairly simple. Travelling light or using your commute as training time can be a little more difficult, and where folding or wearable locks become really appealing. Some even supply a mount for your bike; check before making a purchase, as this is not always the case.
There are many different styles of bike locks, each designed with a particular use case in mind:
U/D locks - identified by their shape. Whether you look at them locked or unlocked, the terms are interchangeable. U-locks offer the highest security levels and a good balance between practicality, weight, and security. Available in various sizes, U-locks can also be purchased with alarms or even offer angle-grinder resistance.
Chain Locks - Characterised by their chunky appearance and all too often heavy weights, chain locks, akin to U-locks, offer high levels of security. Unfortunately, their greater flexibility does little to offset the impracticality of transporting them. This makes them ideal for use at home, securing multiple bikes or covering long distances to anchor points.
Folding Locks - By far the most flexible and practical to carry, with many mounting to a bottle cage, you can always have your lock on hand. The very nature of the folding mechanism offers a weakness that can be exploited, which does reduce effectiveness. Folding locks could suit backpackers, shoppers and couriers.
Sold Secure is an independent certification testing house dedicated solely to testing lock security. Established by the Home Office in 1992, it is based in the UK and is now a not-for-profit organisation that invests any profits in supporting police and crime prevention initiatives.
This position enables Sold Secure to respond swiftly to evolving techniques by collaborating with the police and even reformed thieves while maintaining impartiality. Sold Secure also serves as a valuable resource, offering advice to brands during the development of new locks.
If you would like to learn more about Sold Secure, Tech Writer Hannah has interviewed Guy McCaffery, the lab manager, and key figures from brands like Abus to understand how Sold Secure benefits riders.
Sold Secure grades based on resistance to specific tools and techniques, broken down into four levels to determine overall security. Sold Secure understandably does not specify which tools but it does give this outline:
Sold Secure Bronze - Offers resistance against basic tools, which should prevent opportunist criminals.
Sold Secure Silver - should offer greater resistance against more heavy-duty tools, this is aimed at balancing enhanced security and cost.
Sold Secure Gold - Looks to prevent dedicated thieves and stop bikes from being stolen in quieter locations and usage of more aggressive tools.
Sold Secure Diamond - This is the highest level of security and the only one to cover e-bikes. Specialist tools in this testing could include angle grinders.
Unfortunately, perfectly secure bike locks simply don’t exist; With the right tools, expertise and determination, anyone can get through any lock.
As such, it is important to ensure you have the support of the best bicycle insurance companies If your bike is stolen, you are at least not out of pocket. Be sure to check the small print when you take out a policy, most bicycle insurers will require a certain level of lock security.
kryptonitelock.com
In an ideal world, you shouldn't feel the need to worry about your bike not being there on your return, unfortunately, the reality is very different. The recommendation is to use two highly-rated locks, one to secure the front wheel and frame and a second for the rear wheel and frame.
A pragmatic approach of carrying two heavy high-security locks and two sets of keys would be a real faff. So, ideally, as I have said above buy the best lock you can afford or invest in additional security like a tracker.
At the very least you should secure a fixed part of your bike like the frame to a non-movable feature, like an N-shaped bike rack. If your bike is fitted with thru-axles wheel security is less of an issue, but you can secure your wheels with a cable extension or by passing your lock through your wheels along with your frame. You could also do this with a second lighter-weight or lower-rated lock.
For older bikes or those that use quick-release wheels and seat clamps, the obvious solution is to swap to a set of security skewers. For thru-axle bikes remove any handles or take a look at the the Hexlok system.
While the market is still in its infancy for those with a sentimental attachment to their bike or who would rather not rely on insurance, GPS bike trackers and Apple Airtags are worth considering. Just whatever you do let the police track your bike down, don't do it yourself.
Maybe even consider some extra home security tech like Ring or Blink Bells and cameras.
There is a lot of advice on this particular subject, but maintaining a bike lock is very simple. You should do it regularly to ensure a perfectly working mechanism, particularly when it's wet and cold.
1. Clean any contact points between the shackle and the lock barrel to avoid any corrosion build-up.
2. Using WD-40/GT85 (a water dispersant), ensure all the moving parts, including the shackle security and lock barrel, are moisture-free. Turning the key after application will help work the dispersant into the unseen areas.
3. Once the dispersant has worked its magic, apply a small amount of lubricant to the lock barrel and shackle. I recommend a good-quality bicycle wet lubricant, like Muc-Off's wet lube or Peaty's link lube. This is basically something that cannot be easily washed away.
